URBANIZATION
History of cities – Heritage
Urban housing
Rural housing
LEGAL ASPECTS
Right to housing
No “housing right” in the Constitution, but property right and housing social support :
Article 25
- Housing shall be inviolable. Deprivation of housing shall not be permitted unless otherwise stipulated by a court decision. Penetration into housing, its inspection and search shall be permitted only in cases and according to the procedure stipulated by law.
- Conditions shall be created in the Republic of Kazakhstan to provide citizens with housing. Citizens in need of housing shall be categorized in a manner to be prescribed by law and provided with housing at an affordable price from the state housing funds in accordance with the norms stipulated by law.
Article 26
- Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan may privately own any legally acquired property
- Property, including the right of inheritance, shall be guaranteed by law.
- No one may be deprived of his property unless otherwise stipulated by a court decision. Forcible alienation of property for the public use in extraordinary cases stipulated by law may be exercised on condition of its equivalent compensation.
- (…)
USEFUL TOOLS:
- Housing and Land Rights Violation Database in each country (Housing and Land Network – HIC): http://hlrn.org/welcome_violation.php#.VD-IVCi7_vQ
- Zero Evictions Campaign (International Alliance of Inhabitants): http://www.habitants.org/zero_evictions_campaign
Land Law
Land Grabbing
USEFUL TOOLS
- Data sets on agricultural land grabbing in the world (GRAIN): https://www.grain.org/bulletin_board/entries/4429-new-data-sets-on-land-grabbing
- The Online Public Database on Land Deals – Global Observatory (Land Matrix): http://landmatrix.org/en/
Vunerable groups
Some interesting practices
- Habitat for Humanity Kyrgyzstan has developed a construction project in cane wood, local material. This innovative project was awarded the World Bank in 2006. (1)
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Housing market
Quality of housing
An estimated 40% of the population of Kyrgyzstan living below the poverty line. This explains why, since we are in a country with harsh winters, families often spend more financial resources to be heated to buy food. Since the collapse of the Soviet system, benefits granted to families once stopped, leaving them with far fewer resources to deal with housing problems. (1)
Nearly 70% of the population lives in substandard housing or are downright homeless. Families suroccupent housing where it is not uncommon for three generations live together in one room without heat or water. (1)
Informal housing / Slum / Homeless
INFORMAL HOUSING
Because of the conflict (2010), some displaced people were accommodated in tents pitched near their destroyed homes and others were staying with host families or in collective centres. UNHCR and its shelter partners has completed the construction of 1,301 transitional shelters (built on the foundations of destroyed houses). The objective is to facilitate the reintegration of these residents on their own property in their neighbourhoods of origin. (2)
These families, however, have no security of tenure and live in degrading habitats. Many poor have no access to basic services: they lack clean water, sanitation, etc. (1)
ROLE OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
Social -Public housing
Other public helps
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Bibliography & Sitography
- Habitat for Humanity Kyrgystan
- UNHCR report, 2011 – http://www.unhcr.org/4e032ff39.pdf
FROM CIVIL SOCIETY
Major problems
Major claims
Some civil actors
- HABITAT FOR HUMANITY = Kyrgyzstan humanitarian non-profit association whose aim is to eradicate Habitat poverty and homelessness. To do this, they build and renovate housing worldwide, offer packages of micro-credit and loans, help clean up homes, advocate for affordable housing for all. Kyrgyzstan, they offer aid to finish, insulation and sanitation of dwellings. They have a special program for families with a mentally handicapped people. Website : http://www.habitat.elcat.kg/