“In its modern form, a gated community is a form of residential community or housing estate containing strictly-controlled entrances for pedestrians, bicycles, and automobiles, and often characterized by a closed perimeter of walls and fences. Gated communities usually consist of small residential streets and include various shared amenities. For smaller communities this may be only a park or other common area. For larger communities, it may be possible for residents to stay within the community for most day-to-day activities. Gated communities are a type of common interest development, but are distinct from intentional communities.“
“Given that gated communities are spatially a type of enclave, Setha M. Low, among other anthropologists, has argued that they have a negative effect on the overall social capital of the broader community outside the gated community.”
“Some gated communities, usually called guard-gated communities, are staffed by private security guards and are often home to high-value properties, and/or are set up as retirement villages. Some gated communities are secure enough to resemble fortresses and are intended as such.”
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_community
In Argentina, Greater Buenos Aires is the victim of a massive phenomenon of gated communities. An article recounts the development of the phenomenon and shows a map of these spaces: https://www.izr.com.ar/blog/mapa-de-los-barrios-cerrados-y-countries-de-zona-norte